End grain; Edge grain; Face grain

Understanding the differences in woodcuts, as well as the importance of moisture measurement and control, is essential when starting any wood project. Lumber features three distinct surfaces: end grain, edge grain, and face grain.

End grain refers to the surface revealed when wood is cut across the growth rings at a 90-degree angle. This cut exposes the wood’s rings and graining, resulting in a visually appealing and durable surface.

Edge grain, also known as vertical grain, is created by quarter-sawing lumber so that the edges of the growth rings are exposed on the board’s widest faces. The rings form angles of 45 to 90 degrees with these faces.

Face grain is found on boards where one side is wider than the other. The wider side is known as the face and is typically the visible surface in the finished product.

To find out more : https://www.wagnermeters.com/moisture-meters/wood-info/end-edge-face-grain-differences/